Robert Macfarlane has long held a sacred place among contemporary nature writers. From Mountains of the Mind to the widely celebrated Underland, his works are known for poetic eloquence, philosophical depth, and a profoundly ethical relationship with the earth. With Is a River Alive?, Macfarlane does not merely continue this tradition—he transforms it. This new book is more than a travelogue or meditation on nature. It is a call to attention, a lyrical demand that we recognize rivers not just as resources or boundaries, but as living beings, deserving of empathy, rights, and reverence.
The Core Concept: Rights of Rivers and the Re-Enchantment of Nature
At the heart of Is a River Alive? lies a deceptively simple yet politically and ecologically radical question: what if rivers are not things but beings? Macfarlane draws upon ancient animistic worldviews, indigenous legal battles, ecological science, and literary imagination to explore the implications of granting legal personhood to rivers. His core thesis resonates with a rising global movement—seen in the Whanganui River in New Zealand, the Ganges in India, and the Atrato River in Colombia—toward rethinking the natural world as kin, not commodity.
Rather than preaching or pontificating, Macfarlane takes readers into the field. Through three extended journeys—across Ecuador, India, and Canada—he walks, listens, observes, and weaves stories that give life to the idea of river sentience.
Structure and Narrative Weave
The book is composed of four interlaced threads:
- Field journeys across continents, each marked by environmental crises and cultural insights.
- The intimate life of a chalk stream near Macfarlane’s home in England, which becomes both metaphor and microcosm.
- A history of the legal and cultural shifts toward rivers as persons, integrating voices of activists, indigenous leaders, and environmental philosophers.
- Personal reflections on fatherhood, memory, and ecological grief, lending the book its emotional depth.
This braided structure mirrors the branching systems of rivers themselves. The narrative never meanders pointlessly; rather, it flows with intentional turbulence, sedimented with meaning.
Journey Highlights: Witnessing Rivers Across the Globe
1. Ecuador: Cloud-Forests, Resistance, and Sacred Streams
Macfarlane begins in Ecuador, where indigenous Kichwa communities are fighting to protect their rivers from extractive industries. Here, rivers are not metaphors—they are mothers, ancestors, and deities. He accompanies activist guides through the mist-draped forests of Intag Valley, showing how spiritual cosmologies ground ecological resistance.
Highlights:
- Meetings with activists invoking the Rights of Nature enshrined in Ecuador’s constitution.
- The intersection of biodiversity and cultural identity, especially through oral storytelling.
- Vivid descriptions of ephemeral tributaries, frogs no bigger than a thumbnail, and trees that breathe clouds.
2. India: The Ganges, Legal Ironies, and Spiritual Contradictions
In India, Macfarlane explores the legal declaration of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers as “living entities” by the Uttarakhand High Court—only to witness that these rulings were stayed within months. He walks the polluted banks of the Ganga, encountering contradictions between reverence and neglect.
Highlights:
- Sharp critique of symbolic legal gestures unaccompanied by enforcement.
- Conversations with Indian lawyers, environmentalists, and devotees.
- A moving passage where he watches funeral ashes sink into water blackened by industrial runoff—an image of beauty and despair fused.
3. Canada: Salmon Streams, Damming, and the Specter of Collapse
In British Columbia, Macfarlane joins ecologists studying the interconnected lifecycles of rivers and salmon. Here, the book’s scientific rigour is most evident. He details how damming interrupts nutrient cycles, kills fish, and fractures indigenous economies.
Highlights:
- A haunting visit to a “ghost river,” once roaring, now silenced by dam gates.
- Insight into salmon as a keystone species and cultural icon.
- Collaboration with indigenous scholars advocating for river restoration.
The Personal Stream: A Chalk River in Cambridgeshire
Running parallel to the global narratives is the story of a modest, fragile chalk stream near Macfarlane’s home. This waterway—once swimmable, now starved—becomes a barometer for the health of the British countryside and a poetic thread through his own life as a father, son, and writer.
Macfarlane’s descriptions of this stream—its clarity, its caddisflies, its drying banks—anchor the book in deeply personal stakes. This local stream carries the emotional load of the global crises he documents elsewhere.
Macfarlane’s Prose: Lyrical Precision and Reverent Observation
Few writers working today rival Robert Macfarlane’s control of language. His prose is illuminative, drawing as much from poetry as from journalism. Every sentence feels sculpted yet organic.
His reverence does not slip into sentimentality; rather, he blends scientific detail with spiritual resonance, crafting a voice that is at once authoritative and humble.
Literary and Intellectual Influences
Is a River Alive? stands in conversation with an evolving canon of environmental literature and ecological philosophy:
- Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, for its moral urgency and ecological mourning.
- Robin Wall Kimmerer’s Braiding Sweetgrass, in its integration of indigenous wisdom and natural science.
- David Abram’s The Spell of the Sensuous, for its animist ethics and phenomenological approach to nature.
- Kathleen Dean Moore and Christopher Stone, for their legal-philosophical contributions to environmental personhood.
Macfarlane also builds upon his own prior work—particularly Underland, with its subterranean metaphors and reverence for ancient forces.
Critical Reflections: Where the Waters Stir Uneasily
While Is a River Alive? is a masterwork, it is not without imperfections.
- The lyrical style can occasionally blur precision. Readers seeking a journalistic account or policy framework may find the poetics opaque.
- Limited indigenous authorship. Though Macfarlane amplifies many voices, the narrative is ultimately curated by him. A co-authored or hybrid text might have more deeply decentered the Western narrator.
- The legal dimensions are more illustrative than analytical. While moving, the discussions of legal personhood lack the granular complexity of, say, legal scholars like Cormac Cullinan or Roderick Nash.
Still, these critiques arise from the ambition of the book itself. Macfarlane is attempting something enormous: to write a book that is beautiful, true, and just. That it mostly succeeds is testament to its importance.
Why This Book Matters: Ecological Literacy and Moral Imagination
In an age of climate crisis, species collapse, and water scarcity, Is a River Alive? offers a profound recalibration of human values. It teaches readers to feel rivers as beings—full of memory, agency, and vulnerability. This isn’t just a metaphor. It’s an ethic.
Reading this book has the power to:
- Change how you look at the water flowing through your city or village.
- Inspire advocacy for ecological restoration and legal innovation.
- Encourage deeper listening—to landscapes, histories, and other ways of knowing.
Verdict: A Watershed Work in Nature Writing
Is a River Alive? is not only one of Robert Macfarlane’s most compelling works—it’s one of the most urgent books in contemporary nonfiction. Its blend of travelogue, activism, science, and memoir is rare and necessary. Though not a blueprint for environmental reform, it is a stirring evocation of why such reform matters.
Whether you are a long-time admirer of Macfarlane or a newcomer to his work, this book will expand your moral landscape. It’s the kind of book that doesn’t end when you turn the last page—it echoes in every trickle, stream, and river you encounter thereafter.
Recommended For
- Readers of nature writing and ecocriticism
- Environmental activists and policy advocates
- Fans of Robin Wall Kimmerer, Barry Lopez, Kathleen Jamie
- Anyone rethinking our relationship with the natural world
